Preheat oven to 400°F. Spray a casserole dish with cooking spray.

Cook the penne pasta according to package instructions, then drain and set aside.

In a large skillet, sauté the sausage until browned. Remove and set aside.

In the same skillet, add olive oil, onions, celery, and carrots. Cook until vegetables are soft.

Add garlic, cook for 1 minute until fragrant.

Add tomatoes, tomato paste, herbs, salt, and pepper. Simmer for 10 minutes.

Combine cooked sausage with tomato sauce. Add beans and wine, simmer for 5 more minutes.

In a saucepan, melt butter, add flour, and cook for 1 minute to make a roux.

Gradually whisk in milk, simmer until thickened. Stir in Parmesan, provolone, and mozzarella cheeses.

Combine pasta with sauce, place in casserole dish, and top with mozzarella.

Bake for 5 minutes until cheese is golden. Let rest 5 minutes before serving.